Description of government structure:

• Chief of State: President Klaus IOHANNIS (since 21 December 2014)
• Head of Government: Prime Minister Dacian Ion-Marcel CIOLACU (since 15 June 2023)
• Assembly: Romania has a bicameral Parliament (Parlament) consisting of the Senate (Senat) with 137 seats and the Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor) with 315 seats.

Description of electoral system:

• The President is elected by absolute majority vote through a two-round system to serve a 5-year term.
• The Prime Minister is appointed by the president with the approval of the parliament.
• In the Senate (Senat) 137 members are elected through a modified mixed-member proportional system to serve 4-year terms with a 5% threshold. In the Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor), 19 members are reserved for minorities to serve 4-year terms and 315 members are elected through a modified mixed-member proportional system to serve 4-year terms.*

* As in the Senate, seats are allocated nationwide in proportion to parties' vote shares. This occurs after seats have been allocated to candidates winning majorities in single-seat constituencies. Various national thresholds apply: 5 percent for single parties (or at least 6 Chamber seats, or at least 3 Senate seats); 8 percent for alliances of two parties; 9 percent for alliances of three, and 10 percent for alliances of four or more parties.

There is no fixed number of reserve seats. These go to members of recognized minority groups (one per group) who do not win representation otherwise in either chamber. Such a candidate must have received 10 percent of the average number of valid votes cast for Deputies in the single-seat constituencies.