At stake in this election:

• 150 seats in the Second Chamber (Tweede Kamer)

Description of government structure:

• Chief of State:  King Willem ALEXANDER
• Head of Government: Prime Minister Mark RUTTE **
• Assembly: Netherlands has a bicameral States General (Staten Generaal) consisting of the First Chamber (Eerste Kamer) with 75 seats and the Second Chamber (Tweede Kamer) with 150 seats.

** The leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch.

Description of electoral system:

• The King is hereditary head of state.
• Prime Minister is appointed by the monarch.
• In the First Chamber (Eerste Kamer) 75 members are indirectly elected through a flexible-list proportional representation system to serve 4-year terms*. In the Second Chamber (Tweede Kamer) 150 members are elected through a flexible-list proportional representation system to serve 4-year terms.**

* Voting is by members of the country's 12 Provincial Councils. The value of each vote is weighted according to the population of the respective province. This is in order to account for any malapportionment of seats to Provincial Councils. There is one national district and no formal threshold. Voters must cast preference votes. List order does not change unless a candidate has achieved 50 percent of one quota, which is defined as a list's vote share divided by its seat share.

** There is one national district and no formal threshold. Voters must cast preference votes. List order does not change unless a candidate has achieved 25 percent of one quota, which is defined as a list's vote share divided by its seat share.

Main parties in the election:

• People's Party for Freedom and Democracy / Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (VVD)
  • Leader: Mark RUTTE
  • Seats won in last election: 33
• Labour Party / Partij van de Arbeid (PvdA)
  • Leader: Lilianne PLOUMEN
  • Seats won in last election:  9
• Party for Freedom / Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV)
  • Leader: Geert WILDERS
  • Seats won in last election:  20
• Socialist Party / Socialistische Partij (SP)
  • Leader: Lilian MARIJNISSEN
  • Seats won in last election:  14
• Christian Democratic Appeal / Christen-Democratisch Appèl (CDA)
  • Leader: Wopke HOEKSTRA
  • Seats won in last election: 19
• Democrats 66 / Democraten 66 (D66)
  • Leader: Sigrid KAAG
  • Seats won in last election:  19
• Christian Union / ChristenUnie (CU)
  • Leader: Gert-Jan SEGERS
  • Seats won in last election:  5
• Green-Left / GroenLinks (GL)
  • Leader: Jesse KLAVER
  • Seats won in last election:  14
• Reformed Political Party / Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (SGP)
  • Leader: Kees VAN DE STAAIJ
  • Seats won in last election:  3
• Party for the Animals / Partij voor de Dieren (PvdD)
  • Leader: Esther OUWEHAND
  • Seats won in last election:  5
• 50PLUS
  • Leader: Liane den HAAN
  • Seats won in last election:  4

Population and number of registered voters:

• Population:  17,159,878 (2020)
• Registered Voters:  12,893,466 (2017)